Diagnoses and Procedures

Overactive bladder (OAB) is a condition characterized by a frequent and urgent need to urinate, often accompanied by incontinence. It occurs when the bladder muscles contract involuntarily, even when the bladder isn’t full. Common causes include age, nerve damage, or urinary tract infections. Treatment options include lifestyle changes, bladder training, medications like anticholinergics to relax the bladder, and behavioral therapies. In more severe cases, procedures such as botox injections into the bladder or nerve stimulation therapy may be recommended to help control symptoms. Effective management focuses on improving quality of life by reducing urgency and frequency.

Orchiectomy is the surgical removal of one or both testicles, typically performed to treat testicular cancer, severe trauma, or as part of gender-affirming surgery. The procedure can also be done to reduce testosterone levels in cases of prostate cancer. Following orchiectomy, some men may opt for a testicle implant, which is a prosthetic device inserted into the scrotum to restore the appearance of a normal testicle. The implant is typically made of silicone and is placed during the same surgery or later, depending on the patient’s preference. Both procedures are generally safe, with recovery times varying depending on the extent of surgery.

Pelvic floor dysfunction refers to a range of disorders caused by the inability of the pelvic floor muscles to function properly, leading to symptoms like urinary incontinence, pelvic pain, or difficulty with bowel movements. It can result from factors like childbirth, aging, or injury. Treatment often includes pelvic floor physical therapy, behavioral therapy, biofeedback, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

Permanent contraception options, such as vasectomy, are a form of surgical sterilization for men. A vasectomy involves cutting or sealing the vas deferens, preventing sperm from entering the semen. It is a highly effective and permanent form of birth control. In some cases, vasectomy reversal can be performed to restore fertility, where the vas deferens is reconnected. However, success rates for reversal decrease over time, and the procedure is not always guaranteed to restore fertility.