Infertility

Infertility refers to the inability to conceive after a year of unprotected intercourse. It can affect both men and women and may result from a variety of causes, including hormonal imbalances, structural issues, or low sperm count in men. Treatment options for male infertility may include medication, hormone therapy, surgery, or assisted reproductive technologies like sperm retrieval and in vitro fertilization (IVF).

Treatment

1. Lifestyle Modifications:

Timing and Frequency: Engaging in regular, unprotected intercourse during the ovulatory phase can enhance the likelihood of conception.

Health Optimization: Maintaining a healthy weight, balanced diet, regular exercise, and avoiding smoking and excessive alcohol can improve fertility.

2. Medications:

Ovulation Induction: Drugs like clomiphene citrate or letrozole stimulate ovulation in women with ovulatory disorders.

Hormonal Treatments: Administering hormones such as gonadotropins can regulate or induce ovulation.

Insulin-Sensitizing Agents: For women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), medications like metformin can improve insulin resistance and promote ovulation.

3. Surgical Interventions:

Fallopian Tube Repair: Surgery can address blockages or damage in the fallopian tubes.

Endometriosis Treatment: Removing endometrial tissue growths can alleviate associated infertility.

Varicocele Repair: In men, surgical correction of enlarged veins in the scrotum can improve sperm quality.

4. Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART):

Intrauterine Insemination (IUI): Sperm is directly placed into the uterus around the time of ovulation.

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF): Eggs are fertilized with sperm in a laboratory setting, and resulting embryos are transferred to the uterus.

Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): A single sperm is injected directly into an egg, often used in cases of severe male infertility.